The curative effect of cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist on functional failure and disruptive inflammation caused by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion.

Ischemia and reperfusion of intestinal tissue (intestinal I/R) induce disruption of ileal contractility and chain responses of inflammatory. The aim of this study was to reveal whether therapeutic value of cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor activity in the intestinal I/R, via to the exogenous administration of CB2 agonist (AM-1241). Intestinal I/R injury were performed through 30-min ischemia and 150-min reperfusion of mesenteric artery in Wistar rats. The pre-administered doses of 0.1, 1, and 5 mg/kg of CB2 agonist were studied to inhibit inflammation of intestinal I/R injury including ileum smooth muscle contractility, polymorphonuclear cell migration, oxidant/antioxidant defense system, and provocative cytokines. Pre-administration with CB2 receptor agonist ensured to consider improving the disrupted contractile responses in ileum smooth muscle along with decreased the formation of MDA that production of lipid peroxidation, reversed the depleted glutathione, inhibited the expression of TNF-α and of IL-1ß in the intestinal I/R of rats. Taken together results of this research, the agonistic activity of CB2 receptor for healing of intestinal I/R injury is ensuring associated with anti-inflammatory mechanisms such as the inhibiting of migration of inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells that origin of acute and initial responses of inflammation, the inhibiting of production of provocative and pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1ß, the rebalancing of oxidant/antioxidant redox system disrupted in injury of reperfusion period and the supporting of physiologic defensive systems in endothelial and inducible inflammatory cells.

Evaluation and comparison of alpha- and beta-amanitin toxicity on MCF-7 cell line.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Alpha- and beta-amanitins are the main toxins of the poisonous Amanita phalloides mushroom. Although there are many studies available concerning alpha-amanitin, there are limited data about beta-amanitin in the literature. Therefore, this study is aimed at comparing the toxic effects of alpha- and beta-amanitin on the MCF-7 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The alpha- and beta-amanitins used for this research were purified from Amanita phalloides by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was used, and specific concentrations of the toxins (100, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL) were applied to the cells. The MTT test was performed to determine the level of toxicity, and the quantity of protein in the cell was measured using the biuret test. RESULTS: The aLpha-amanitin showed a higher toxicity at 36 h, while the highest inhibition of protein synthesis by the beta-amanitin was observed at 24 h. CONCLUSION: It was shown that the beta-amanitin may be responsible for toxicity, like alpha-amanitin, in Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning. The early inhibition of protein synthesis for beta-amanitin might be useful for future experiments and research.